Causes of ED include physical issues like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, hormonal imbalances, and certain medications. Psychological factors, such as stress, anxiety, and depression, can also lead to ED, along with lifestyle habits like smoking, alcohol consumption, and lack of exercise.

While ED is more common in older men, it is not an inevitable part of aging. Age can increase the risk, but healthy lifestyle choices and addressing underlying health conditions can help maintain erectile function.

ED diagnosis generally involves a medical history review, physical examination, and possibly blood tests to assess factors like testosterone levels, blood pressure, and blood sugar. Doctors may also assess psychological factors, as mental health can impact sexual performance.

Treatments for ED range from lifestyle changes and medications like sildenafil (Viagra) to therapy for psychological causes. Other options include devices like vacuum erection pumps, hormone therapy, and in some cases, surgical interventions such as penile implants. The treatment choice depends on the cause and severity of ED.